Search Evasion Techniques
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Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may use Obfuscated Files or Information to hide artifacts of an intrusion from analysis. They may require separate mechanisms to decode or deobfuscate that information depending on how they intend to use it. Methods for doing that include built-in functionality of malware or by using utilities present on the system.
One such example is use of certutil to decode …
C2 via FTP(S) Network Evasion
C2 via FTP is a technique that utilizes the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to establish command and control communication between an attacker and victim systems. It involves sending commands and receiving responses within FTP sessions, effectively using FTP as a conduit for covert communication.
To implement C2 via FTP, an attacker needs control over an FTP server, and must establish …
LimeCrypter Packers
Limecrypter is a sophisticated obfuscation tool designed for both native and .NET files. It employs a unique approach to secure payloads by encrypting them within a .NET-based stub. This stub acts as a container for the encrypted payload, ensuring its contents remain concealed until execution.
Base64 Data Obfuscation
Base64 is a simple encoding scheme that is often used by malware to represent binary data in an ASCII string. This allows the malware to encode and transmit binary data, such as a payload or network traffic, in a way that is more compact and easier to transmit over text-based communication channels.
Base64 uses a 64-character alphabet to encode the …
Caesar Cipher Data Obfuscation
The Caesar Cipher is a simple encoding algorithm that was used during the Roman Empire to hide secret messages. In this algorithm, each letter of the plaintext is replaced with a letter that is a fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, if the shift value is 3, then the letter "A" would be replaced with "D", "B" …
ROL Data Obfuscation
ROL, or Rotate Left, is a simple encoding algorithm similar to the Caesar Cipher. In the ROL algorithm, each letter of the plaintext is replaced with a letter that is a fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, if the rotation value is 3, then the letter "A" would be replaced with "D", "B" would be replaced with …
Custom Encoding Data Obfuscation
Malware often uses custom encoding schemes to conceal their payloads and avoid detection. These custom schemes can be full custom layers, or they can be variations of known algorithms such as XOR or Base64. Using custom encoding schemes allows malware to encode their payloads in a unique way that can be difficult for security tools and forensic investigators to detect. …
Opaque Predicate Anti-Disassembly
Opaque predicate is a term used in programming to refer to decision making where there is only one possible outcome. This can be achieved through the use of complex or hard-to-understand logic, such as calculating a value that will always return True.
Opaque predicates are often used as anti-disassembling techniques, as they can make it difficult for an analyst to …