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Detecting Virtual Environment Files
Some files are created by Virtualbox and VMware on the system.
Malware can check the different folders to find Virtualbox artifacts like VBoxMouse.sys.
Malware can check the different folders to find VMware artifacts like vmmouse.sys, vmhgfs.sys.
Some Files Example
Below is a list of files that can be detected on virtual machines:
- "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\agent.pyw", …
CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent
CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent is a kernel32.dll function that sets (-1)0xffffffff in the DebuggerPresent parameter if a debugger is present. Internally, it also uses NtQueryInformationProcess with ProcessDebugPort as a ProcessInformationClass parameter.
Read moreSuspendThread
Suspending threads is a technique used by malware to disable user-mode debuggers and make it more difficult for security analysts to reverse engineer and analyze the code. This can be achieved by using the SuspendThread function from the kernel32.dll library or the NtSuspendThread function from the NTDLL.DLL library.
The malware can enumerate the threads of a given process, or …
Read moreIAT Hooking
IAT hooking is a way to run malicious code by modifying the Import Address Table of a specific executable. Consisting of replacing one legitimate function from imported DLL by a malicious one.
IAT hooking and inline hooking are generally known as userland rootkits. IAT hooking is a technique that malware uses to change the import address table. When a …
Read morePE Injection
Instead of passing the address of the LoadLibrary, malware can copy its malicious code into an existing open process and force it to execute (either via a small shellcode, or by calling CreateRemoteThread).
One advantage of PE injection over the LoadLibrary technique is that the malware does not have to drop a malicious DLL on the disk. The …
Hiding Mechanisms
Malware often uses various techniques to hide its presence on a system and avoid detection. One common method is to modify or create entries in the system registry, which is a database of configuration settings for the operating system and installed applications. By modifying these settings, malware can hide itself from security software or other programs that might detect its …
Read moreThermal Zone Temperature
The temperature sensor is used to know the current temperature of a machine. In a non-virtualized environment, the function returns valid support and output like: "25.05 C: 77.09 F: 298.2K". But for a fully virtualized environment, the return is "MSAcpi_ThermalZoneTemperature not supported" because this feature is not supported on virtualized processors.
Interestingly, this method is not valid. Not all …
Read moreCLIPBRDWNDCLASS
CLIPBRDWNDCLASS is a window class that is registered by the Object Linking & Embedding (OLE) library (ole32.dll) to handle clipboard data. When a window of this class is created, it is assigned a number of window properties that store the addresses of various interfaces that are used to process clipboard data. These interfaces include the ClipboardDataObjectInterface, ClipboardRootDataObjectInterface, and …
Detecting Online Sandbox
Online sandboxes are widely used for malware analysis. To evade detection, many malware families implement checks to identify if they are running in such environments. Below are examples of detection techniques for Any.Run and Tria.ge.
Detecting Any.Run
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Any.Run uses a fake root certificate to spy on sandbox traffic. System information can be obtained by querying …
Access Token Manipulation: Parent PID Spoofing
![Defense Evasion [Mitre] icon](/media/2024/04/08/icons8-burglar.svg){kind=small}
Adversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified.
One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a new process is via the CreateProcess API call, which supports a parameter that defines the …