XSL Script Processing Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may bypass application control and obscure execution of code by embedding scripts inside XSL files. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. To support complex operations, the XSL standard includes support for embedded scripting in various languages.

Adversaries may abuse this functionality to execute arbitrary files …

SMB / Named Pipes Network Evasion

Named Pipes are a feature of the Windows operating system that allow for inter-process communication (IPC) using a pipe metaphor. These are particularly useful in networking scenarios as they can be made accessible over a network and facilitate a client-server model of communication. The SMB (Server Message Block) protocol is commonly used in Windows environments for shared access to files, …

BuildCommDCBAndTimeoutA Sandbox Evasion

This technique uses a BuildCommDCBAndTimeoutsA API call to determine if the malware is detonating in a sandbox. Normally, a bogus device string would cause this API call to fail. However, some malware sandbox environments may emulate in a way that allows the API call to succeed even when given a bogus device string.

Retrieve HDD Information Sandbox Evasion

Malware can figure out if it's in a virtual environment by checking hard drive info. It looks for specific details like serial and model numbers. This is easier to spot in VirtualBox because it shows clues that it's running in a virtual space.

Malware uses this trick to avoid getting caught. It does this by using a special command …

LOLbins Others

A lolbin (short for "Living Off the Land Binaries") is a legitimate Windows utility that can be used by adversaries to execute arbitrary commands. Various Windows utilities may be used to execute commands, possibly without invoking cmd. For example, the Program Compatibility Assistant (pcalua.exe) and components of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) are examples of lolbins that can be …

Avoiding Memory Scanners (Yara, Pe-sieve...) Others

Avoiding Memory Scanners is a technique that enables malware creators to bypass the detection of endpoint security software and reverse engineers by using memory scanning to locate shellcode and malware in Windows memory.

The technique involves understanding how memory scanners work and implementing a stable evasion method for each of the memory scanning tools, such as PE-sieve, MalMemDetect, Moneta, …

FuncIn Antivirus/EDR Evasion Anti-Debugging Anti-Disassembly Anti-Forensic

FuncIn involves a payload staging strategy wherein the entire set of malicious functionalities is not contained within the malware file itself or any third-party file/network location (e.g., a web server). Instead, these functionalities are transmitted over the network by the Command and Control (C2) server when required.

This approach addresses three primary issues in malware development. Firstly, it mitigates …

Cronos-Crypter Packers

Cronos-Crypter is an open-source crypter publicly available on GitHub. The crypter applies AES encryption or XOR obfuscation to a selected payload before storing it as a .NET resource of a final generated .NET executable payload. Cronos-Crypter contains multiple capabilties for persistence and defense evasion. An operator may select persistence via a Windows Registry autorun key or a Scheduled Task. An …

WinDefAVEmu_goatfiles Sandbox Evasion

Goat files inside Defender AV Emulator's file system. Often used in PE malware as an evasion technique to evade executing in Windows Defender's AV Emulator.

Detecting Virtual Environment Artefacts Sandbox Evasion

Qemu registers some artifacts into the registry. A malware can detect the Qemu installation with a look at the registry key HARDWARE\\DEVICEMAP\\Scsi\\Scsi Port 0\\Scsi Bus 0\\Target Id 0\\Logical Unit Id 0 with the value of Identifier and the data of QEMU or HARDWARE\\Description\\System with a value of SystemBiosVersion and data of QEMU.

The VirtualBox Guest addition leaves many …

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