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Template Injection
![Defense Evasion [Mitre] icon](/media/2024/04/08/icons8-burglar.svg){kind=small}
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. For example, Microsoft’s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXML files are packed together ZIP archives compromised of various XML files, referred to as parts, …
Read moreC2 via FTP(S)
C2 via FTP is a technique that utilizes the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to establish command and control communication between an attacker and victim systems. It involves sending commands and receiving responses within FTP sessions, effectively using FTP as a conduit for covert communication.
To implement C2 via FTP, an attacker needs control over an FTP server, and must …
Read moreDLL Unhooking
Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools use a technique known as hooking to monitor sensitive system functions within the DLLs of loaded processes. Hooking is a method of live-patching system DLLs, enabling EDRs to intercept the flow of a program and evaluate its legitimacy.
Here's how it works: EDRs modify the first instructions of the functions within the DLLs. …
Read moreSMB / Named Pipes
Named Pipes are a feature of the Windows operating system that allow for inter-process communication (IPC) using a pipe metaphor. These are particularly useful in networking scenarios as they can be made accessible over a network and facilitate a client-server model of communication. The SMB (Server Message Block) protocol is commonly used in Windows environments for shared access to files, …
Read moreFuncIn
FuncIn involves a payload staging strategy wherein the entire set of malicious functionalities is not contained within the malware file itself or any third-party file/network location (e.g., a web server). Instead, these functionalities are transmitted over the network by the Command and Control (C2) server when required.
This approach addresses three primary issues in malware development. Firstly, it mitigates …
Read moreNixImports
A .NET malware loader employs API-Hashing and dynamic invocation to circumvent static analysis. NixImports utilizes managed API-Hashing to dynamically determine most of its required functions during runtime. For function resolution, HInvoke needs two specific hashes: typeHash and methodHash, representing the type name and the method's full name, respectively. At runtime, HInvoke scans the entire mscorlib to locate the corresponding type …
Read morePyArmor
Pyarmor is a command-line tool primarily used for the obfuscation of Python scripts. While its original design aims to protect Python code from unauthorized access and reverse engineering, its capabilities also make it a tool of interest for malware obfuscation. Pyarmor achieves this through several key features, each with potential applications in both legitimate protection and malicious exploitation:
- …
Retrieve HDD Information
Malware can figure out if it's in a virtual environment by checking hard drive info. It looks for specific details like serial and model numbers. This is easier to spot in VirtualBox because it shows clues that it's running in a virtual space.
Malware uses this trick to avoid getting caught. It does this by using a special command …
Read moreVboxEnumShares
This method represents a variation of the WNetGetProviderName(WNNC_NET_RDR2SAMPLE, ...) approach, which is typically employed to determine if the network share's provider name is specific, such as VirtualBox. Instead of relying on this well-established technique, we utilize WNetOpenEnum and WNetEnumResource functions to iterate through each network resource. The primary objective is to identify VirtualBox shared folders, which typically feature "VirtualBox" or …
XBEL Recently Opened Files Check
The recently-used.xbel XML file documents recent files on a Linux system that were accessed by applications. By parsing the file & checking how many files were recently accessed, we can determine whether or not a system is likely a sandbox or virtual machine. If a system has a low amount of files being accessed, it's likely a sandbox/VM.