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Indicator Removal: Clear Windows Event Logs
![Defense Evasion [Mitre] icon](/media/2024/04/08/icons8-burglar.svg){kind=small}
Event logging is a process that records important software and hardware events from various sources and stores them in a centralized location called an event log. This service is commonly used by applications and operating systems to track and troubleshoot issues, and can be a valuable tool for forensic investigations.
Event logs can provide valuable information about the actions …
Read moreDomain Generation Algorithm
Domain generation algorithms (DGAs) are algorithms used by malware to generate a large number of domain names that can be used as communication channels with their command and control servers. These domain names are generated periodically, typically using a pseudorandom number generator.
The use of DGAs makes it difficult for law enforcement and other security actors to shut down …
Read moreDNS Tunneling
DNS tunneling is a technique that uses the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol to transfer data in an encrypted and covert manner. It involves encoding the data of other programs or protocols in DNS queries and responses, and using DNS servers as a means of communication.
To carry out DNS tunneling, the attacker typically needs access to a compromised …
Read moreDNS Hijacking
DNS hijacking or DNS redirection is a technique used to subvert the normal domain name resolution process. It involves redirecting DNS queries to a rogue DNS server controlled by an attacker, or modifying the behavior of a trusted DNS server so that it does not comply with internet standards. This can be done for various purposes, such as phishing attacks, …
Read moreTor Network C2
Tor is a free and open-source network that enables anonymous communication. It uses a network of volunteer-operated servers, known as "relays," to route internet traffic in a way that conceals the user's location and usage from surveillance and traffic analysis. By routing traffic through multiple relays, Tor makes it difficult to trace internet activity back to the user.
Malware …
Read moreMalvertising
Malvertising is a type of cyber attack that involves using online advertising as a means to spread malware. This is attractive to attackers because it allows them to easily reach a large number of users without having to directly compromise the websites hosting the ads. The ads themselves can be inserted into reputable and high-profile websites, which can help attackers …
Read moreAnti Yara Rules
Yara rules are used by malware researchers to identify and classify malware based on specific characteristics and behaviors. These rules are powerful because they allow researchers to quickly and accurately detect malware, even if it has been modified to avoid detection. However, attackers can also modify their malware to avoid detection by Yara rules.
This is often seen with …
Read moreVolume Shadow Copy Service (VSC,VSS) Deletion
Deleting Volume Shadow Copy makes the forensic investigation more difficult in terms of the recovery of previous artifact evidence. In addition, attackers using ransomware often delete VSCs not to be able to recover the original files of the encrypted files from VSCs.
On the other hand, deleting by using vssadmin and WMIC is on a file system level, the …
Read moreDisabling Event Tracing for Windows (ETW)
Many EDR solutions leverage Event Tracing for Windows (ETW) extensively. ETW allows for extensive instrumentation and tracing of a process functionality and WINAPI calls. It has components in the kernel, to register callbacks for system calls and other kernel operations, but also consists of a userland component that is part of ntdll.dll.
Since ntdll.dll is a DLL loaded into …
Read moreWindows Event Log Evasion via Native APIs
Attackers can leverage native Windows API calls to install malicious services without generating correlating entries in the event log. Using native APIs to install services instead of the standard API calls allow attackers to bypass security controls and event logging. This technique was utilised by Stuxnet.
Services are typically created through a standard Windows API call CreateServiceA or CreateService …