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Subvert Trust Controls: Install Root Certificate
![Defense Evasion [Mitre] icon](/media/2024/04/08/icons8-burglar.svg){kind=small}
Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certificates in the root's chain of trust that have been signed by the …
Read moreSystem Binary Proxy Execution: CMSTP
Adversaries may abuse CMSTP to proxy execution of malicious code. The Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) is a command-line program used to install Connection Manager service profiles. CMSTP.exe accepts an installation information file (INF) as a parameter and installs a service profile leveraged for remote access connections.
Adversaries may supply CMSTP.exe with INF files infected with malicious commands. …
Read moreSystem Binary Proxy Execution: Mavinject
Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Mavinject.exe is the Microsoft Application Virtualization Injector, a Windows utility that can inject code into external processes as part of Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V).
Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to inject malicious DLLs into running processes (i.e. Dynamic-link Library Injection), allowing for arbitrary code execution (ex. C:\Windows\system32\mavinject.exe PID /INJECTRUNNING PATH_DLL). …
Read moreTemplate Injection
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. For example, Microsoft’s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXML files are packed together ZIP archives compromised of various XML files, referred to as parts, …
Read moreValid Accounts: Default Accounts
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Default accounts are those that are built-into an OS, such as the Guest or Administrator accounts on Windows systems. Default accounts also include default factory/provider set accounts on other types of systems, software, or devices, including the …
Read moreC2 via FTP(S)
C2 via FTP is a technique that utilizes the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to establish command and control communication between an attacker and victim systems. It involves sending commands and receiving responses within FTP sessions, effectively using FTP as a conduit for covert communication.
To implement C2 via FTP, an attacker needs control over an FTP server, and must …
Read moreDLL Unhooking
Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools use a technique known as hooking to monitor sensitive system functions within the DLLs of loaded processes. Hooking is a method of live-patching system DLLs, enabling EDRs to intercept the flow of a program and evaluate its legitimacy.
Here's how it works: EDRs modify the first instructions of the functions within the DLLs. …
Read moreSMB / Named Pipes
Named Pipes are a feature of the Windows operating system that allow for inter-process communication (IPC) using a pipe metaphor. These are particularly useful in networking scenarios as they can be made accessible over a network and facilitate a client-server model of communication. The SMB (Server Message Block) protocol is commonly used in Windows environments for shared access to files, …
Read moreProcess Argument Spoofing
Process Argument Spoofing is a technique used by attackers to hide their true intentions by changing the command line arguments of a process after it has started.
--windows-- This is done by tampering with the Process Environment Block (PEB).
The PEB is a structure in Windows that holds various information about a running process. Within the PEB, there's …
Read morePyArmor
Pyarmor is a command-line tool primarily used for the obfuscation of Python scripts. While its original design aims to protect Python code from unauthorized access and reverse engineering, its capabilities also make it a tool of interest for malware obfuscation. Pyarmor achieves this through several key features, each with potential applications in both legitimate protection and malicious exploitation:
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