Execution Guardrails: Environmental Keying Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may environmentally key payloads or other features of malware to evade defenses and constraint execution to a specific target environment. Environmental keying uses cryptography to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Environmental keying is an implementation of Execution Guardrails that utilizes cryptographic techniques for deriving …

CloudEye/DarkEye Packers

CloudEyE, an evolved version of DarkEyE, allows threat actors to use different types of malware of their choice and make it undetectable to anti-virus solutions. This program is being sold by legitimate Italian company which markets it as a tool for developers that want to protect their program from piracy and reverse engineering. The tutorials published and forum posts about …

XOR Operation Data Obfuscation

The XOR operation is a common technique used by malware to hide data. This is because it is a simple and reversible function, meaning that the same operation can be used to both encode and decode data. In the XOR operation, a key is used to create a ciphertext, which is then used to encrypt the original data.

The …

Image File Execution Options Injection Process Manipulating

Image File Execution Options Injection, also known as IFEO Injection, is a technique used by malware to evade detection and persist on a compromised system.

The technique involves modifying the Image File Execution Options (IFEO) registry key, which is used by the Windows operating system to set debugging options for executable files. When an executable file is launched, the …

Hijack Execution Flow: Services Registry Permissions Weakness Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions for Registry keys related to services to redirect from the originally specified executable to one that they control, in order to launch their own code when a service starts. Windows stores local service configuration information in the Registry …

Indicator Removal: Clear Network Connection History and Configurations Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may clear or remove evidence of malicious network connections in order to clean up traces of their operations. Configuration settings as well as various artifacts that highlight connection history may be created on a system from behaviors that require network connections, such as Remote Services or External Remote Services. Defenders may use these artifacts to monitor or otherwise analyze …

Indicator Removal: Clear Persistence Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may clear artifacts associated with previously established persistence on a host system to remove evidence of their activity. This may involve various actions, such as removing services, deleting executables, Modify Registry, Plist File Modification, or other methods of cleanup to prevent defenders from collecting evidence of their persistent presence.

In some instances, artifacts of persistence may also be …

Modify Authentication Process Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may modify authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. The authentication process is handled by mechanisms, such as the Local Security Authentication Server (LSASS) process and the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on Windows, responsible for gathering, storing, and validating credentials. By modifying an authentication process, an adversary may be able to …

Modify Authentication Process: Domain Controller Authentication Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts.

Malware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used to access any user’s account and/or credentials (ex: Skeleton Key). Skeleton key works through …

Modify Authentication Process: Reversible Encryption Defense Evasion [Mitre]

An adversary may abuse Active Directory authentication encryption properties to gain access to credentials on Windows systems. The AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption property specifies whether reversible password encryption for an account is enabled or disabled. By default this property is disabled (instead storing user credentials as the output of one-way hashing functions) and should not be enabled unless legacy or other software require …

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