Search Evasion Techniques
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Control Flow Graph Flattening Anti-Disassembly
Control flow flattening is a technique used to obfuscate the control flow of a program, in order to make it more difficult for a disassembler to accurately interpret the program's behavior. This technique involves breaking up the nesting of loops and if-statements in a program, and then hiding each of them in a case of a large switch statement. This …
Obscuring Control Flow Using Pointers Anti-Disassembly
The use of pointers in a program can be an issue for disassemblers, because pointers can be used in complex ways that are difficult for the disassembler to accurately interpret. This can make it more difficult for the disassembler to generate correct disassembly output, and can also make it more difficult for analysts to understand the program's behavior.
Pointers …
Obscuring Control Flow Anti-Disassembly
Obscuring control flow is an anti-disassembling technique that involves using methods of flow control that are difficult or impossible for disassemblers and debuggers to follow. This can make it more difficult for analysts to understand the program's behavior and can also make it more difficult for other tools, such as debuggers, to accurately interpret the program.
One example of …
ROL Data Obfuscation
ROL, or Rotate Left, is a simple encoding algorithm similar to the Caesar Cipher. In the ROL algorithm, each letter of the plaintext is replaced with a letter that is a fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, if the rotation value is 3, then the letter "A" would be replaced with "D", "B" would be replaced with …
Bypass User Account Control Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may bypass UAC mechanisms to elevate process privileges on system. Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its privileges (tracked as integrity levels ranging from low to high) to perform a task under administrator-level permissions, possibly by prompting the user for confirmation.
The impact to the user ranges from denying the operation under high enforcement …
Modify Authentication Process: Domain Controller Authentication Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts.
Malware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used to access any user’s account and/or credentials (ex: Skeleton Key). Skeleton key works through …
Rogue Domain Controller Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may register a rogue Domain Controller to enable manipulation of Active Directory data. DCShadow may be used to create a rogue Domain Controller (DC). DCShadow is a method of manipulating Active Directory (AD) data, including objects and schemas, by registering (or reusing an inactive registration) and simulating the behavior of a DC. Once registered, a rogue DC may be …
Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. Unlike Invalid Code Signature, this activity …
Subvert Trust Controls: SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Microsoft signature may be …
Subvert Trust Controls: Install Root Certificate Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certificates in the root's chain of trust that have been signed by the …