FIleless Mechanisms Process Manipulating

Fileless malware is a type of malware that is designed to reside and execute entirely in the memory of a host system, without leaving any trace on the local disk. This can make it more difficult for security tools to detect and remove the malware, as it does not leave any files on the system that can be scanned or …

Indicator Removal: Clear Windows Event Logs Anti-Forensic Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Event logging is a process that records important software and hardware events from various sources and stores them in a centralized location called an event log. This service is commonly used by applications and operating systems to track and troubleshoot issues, and can be a valuable tool for forensic investigations.

Event logs can provide valuable information about the actions …

API Hammering Sandbox Evasion

API hammering is a technique used to delay sandbox analysis and thus avoid malware capability analysis reporting. This technique consists of calling a large amount of benign APIs like "printf" in a loop.

RDTSCP Sandbox Evasion

Newer processors support a new instruction called RDTSCP which does the exact same thing as RDTSC, except that it does so serializing (meaning it waits for all instructions to execute before reading the counter. and that the possible reordering of the execution of the instructions is won that does not happen).

This instruction can be used to calculate the …

Execution Guardrails: Environmental Keying Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may environmentally key payloads or other features of malware to evade defenses and constraint execution to a specific target environment. Environmental keying uses cryptography to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Environmental keying is an implementation of Execution Guardrails that utilizes cryptographic techniques for deriving …

Detecting Online Sandbox Sandbox Evasion

Online sandboxes are widely used for malware analysis. To evade detection, many malware families implement checks to identify if they are running in such environments. Below are examples of detection techniques for Any.Run and Tria.ge.

Detecting Any.Run

Any.Run uses a fake root certificate to spy on sandbox traffic. System information can be obtained by querying …

Process Ghosting Process Manipulating

Process Ghosting is a technique used to bypass detection by manipulating the executable image when a process is loaded.

Windows attempts to prevent mapped executables from being modified. Once a file is mapped into an image section, attempts to open it with FILE_WRITE_DATA (to modify it) will fail with ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION. Deletion attempts via FILE_DELETE_ON_CLOSE/FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE fail with …

Access Token Manipulation: Parent PID Spoofing Process Manipulating Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified.

One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a new process is via the CreateProcess API call, which supports a parameter that defines the …

Hide Artifacts: Email Hiding Rules Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may use email rules to hide inbound emails in a compromised user's mailbox. Many email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including moving emails to other folders, marking emails as read, or deleting emails. Rules may be created or modified within email clients or through external features such as the New-InboxRule or Set-InboxRule PowerShell …

Hijack Execution Flow: DLL Side-Loading Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by side-loading DLLs. Similar to DLL Search Order Hijacking, side-loading involves hijacking which DLL a program loads. But rather than just planting the DLL within the search order of a program then waiting for the victim application to be invoked, adversaries may directly side-load their payloads by planting then invoking a legitimate application …

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