Hell's Gate Antivirus/EDR Evasion

The Hell's Gate technique refers to a specific method used by malware authors to make their software more difficult to detect and analyze. The technique involves the use of a custom native API resolver to resolve Windows API functions at runtime dynamically.

By using Hell's Gate, malware can avoid referencing the Windows API functions directly in the Import Address …

Evasion using direct Syscalls Antivirus/EDR Evasion

In the Windows operating system, conventional malware frequently utilizes strategies involving the invocation of specific functions from the kernel32.dll library, such as VirtualAlloc, VirtualProtect, and CreateThread. A closer inspection of the call stack reveals that the functions employed from kernel32.dll eventually trigger corresponding functions within the ntdll.dll library. This is facilitated by the ntdll.dll library, which serves …

C2 via FTP(S) Network Evasion

C2 via FTP is a technique that utilizes the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to establish command and control communication between an attacker and victim systems. It involves sending commands and receiving responses within FTP sessions, effectively using FTP as a conduit for covert communication.

To implement C2 via FTP, an attacker needs control over an FTP server, and must …

Shikata Ga Nai (SGN) Data Obfuscation

Shikata Ga Nai (SGN) is a data obfuscation technique that employs a polymorphic binary encoding scheme. It was initially developed by Ege Balci and gained popularity through its implementation in Metasploit Framework's msfvenom. SGN takes a binary input and generates a self-decoding obfuscated shellcode. The algorithm utilizes a XOR feedback loop for encoding and prefixes a decoding routine to the …

DLL Unhooking Antivirus/EDR Evasion

Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools use a technique known as hooking to monitor sensitive system functions within the DLLs of loaded processes. Hooking is a method of live-patching system DLLs, enabling EDRs to intercept the flow of a program and evaluate its legitimacy.

Here's how it works: EDRs modify the first instructions of the functions within the DLLs. …

Process Argument Spoofing Process Manipulating

Process Argument Spoofing is a technique used by attackers to hide their true intentions by changing the command line arguments of a process after it has started.

FuncIn Antivirus/EDR Evasion Anti-Debugging Anti-Disassembly Anti-Forensic

FuncIn involves a payload staging strategy wherein the entire set of malicious functionalities is not contained within the malware file itself or any third-party file/network location (e.g., a web server). Instead, these functionalities are transmitted over the network by the Command and Control (C2) server when required.

This approach addresses three primary issues in malware development. Firstly, it mitigates …

PowerShell Special Characters Obfuscation Data Obfuscation

PowerShell scripts can be obfuscated using methods that encode commands exclusively with special characters. This technique aims to complicate analysis and potentially evade detection mechanisms.

Attackers frequently employ these tactics to hide the true functionalities of the script, making the analysis more challenging.

BuildCommDCBAndTimeoutA Sandbox Evasion

This technique uses a BuildCommDCBAndTimeoutsA API call to determine if the malware is detonating in a sandbox. Normally, a bogus device string would cause this API call to fail. However, some malware sandbox environments may emulate in a way that allows the API call to succeed even when given a bogus device string.

Runtime Function Decryption Antivirus/EDR Evasion

This technique is used to store the function body in an encrypted form. They will only be decrypted just before the execution of that code and will be re-encrypted after the code has been executed.

This technique is used by SmokeLoader to evade anti-virus and EDRs, since the function body is in encrypted form except at the time of …

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