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DLL Injection via CreateRemoteThread and LoadLibrary
DLL Injection Via CreateRemoteThread and LoadLibrary is a technique used by malware to inject its code into a legitimate process. This technique is similar to hook injection, where the malware inserts a malicious DLL to be used by the system. It is one of the most common techniques used to inject malware into another process.
The malware writes the …
Read moreReflective DLL injection
Reflective DLL loading refers to loading a DLL from memory rather than from disk. Windows doesn’t have a LoadLibrary function that supports this, so to get the functionality you have to write your own, omitting some of the things Windows normally does, such as registering the DLL as a loaded module in the process, potentially bypassing DLL load monitoring.
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Read moreDLL Proxying
DLL proxying is a technique used by malware to evade detection and gain persistence on a system. It involves replacing a legitimate DLL with a malicious DLL that has the same exported functions and is named similarly to the legitimate DLL.
When a program attempts to load the legitimate DLL, it will instead load the malicious DLL, which acts …
Read moreHijack Execution Flow: DLL Search Order Hijacking
![Defense Evasion [Mitre] icon](/media/2024/04/08/icons8-burglar.svg){kind=small}
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load DLLs. Windows systems use a common method to look for required DLLs to load into a program. Hijacking DLL loads may be for the purpose of establishing persistence as well as elevating privileges and/or evading restrictions on file execution.
There are many ways an …
Read moreTamper DLL Export Names & GetProcAddress Spoofing
When a process is running, it is possible to change the results of the call to GetProcAddress API, for the exported functions of a module along with modifying the export's offsets and name at runtime.
For example, the offset of kernel32.dll's function VirtualAlloc can be change to the offset of another function. When VirtualAlloc is called (after getting its …
Hijack Execution Flow: DLL Side-Loading
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by side-loading DLLs. Similar to DLL Search Order Hijacking, side-loading involves hijacking which DLL a program loads. But rather than just planting the DLL within the search order of a program then waiting for the victim application to be invoked, adversaries may directly side-load their payloads by planting then invoking a legitimate application …
Read moreModify Authentication Process: Password Filter DLL
Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated.
Windows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers …
Read moreSystem Binary Proxy Execution: Rundll32
Adversaries may abuse rundll32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Using rundll32.exe, vice executing directly (i.e. Shared Modules), may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of the rundll32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from normal operations. Rundll32.exe is commonly associated with executing DLL payloads (ex: rundll32.exe {DLLname, DLLfunction}).
Rundll32.exe can also be used to …
Read moreDLL Unhooking
Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools use a technique known as hooking to monitor sensitive system functions within the DLLs of loaded processes. Hooking is a method of live-patching system DLLs, enabling EDRs to intercept the flow of a program and evaluate its legitimacy.
Here's how it works: EDRs modify the first instructions of the functions within the DLLs. …
Read moreAppInit DLL Injection
Any Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) that are specified within the AppInit_DLLs registry key values are loaded by user32.dll into any process that utilizes user32.dll. So by modifying the AppInit_DLLs registry key value and pointing it to a malicious DLL, an attacker can force the system to load their DLL into every process that utilizes user32.dll and force it to execute …