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Template Injection
![Defense Evasion [Mitre] icon](/media/2024/04/08/icons8-burglar.svg){kind=small}
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. For example, Microsoft’s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXML files are packed together ZIP archives compromised of various XML files, referred to as parts, …
Read moreScrubCrypt
ScrubCrypt is a malware obfuscation and encryption framework, derived from the earlier JLaive Batchfuscator crypter. It is designed to aid cybercriminals in evading detection and analysis by using a variety of techniques to conceal and protect the malicious software.
ScrubCrypt is advertised on cybercrime forums to employ encryption, code morphing, and (allegedly) polymorphism to create obfuscated malware payloads that …
Read moreVirtualization/Sandbox Evasion: System Checks
Adversaries may employ various system checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions …
Read moreVirtualization/Sandbox Evasion: User Activity Based Checks
Adversaries may employ various user activity checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core …
Read moreEvasion using direct Syscalls
In the Windows operating system, conventional malware frequently utilizes strategies involving the invocation of specific functions from the kernel32.dll library, such as VirtualAlloc, VirtualProtect, and CreateThread. A closer inspection of the call stack reveals that the functions employed from kernel32.dll eventually trigger corresponding functions within the ntdll.dll library. This is facilitated by the ntdll.dll library, which serves …
Shikata Ga Nai (SGN)
Shikata Ga Nai (SGN) is a data obfuscation technique that employs a polymorphic binary encoding scheme. It was initially developed by Ege Balci and gained popularity through its implementation in Metasploit Framework's msfvenom. SGN takes a binary input and generates a self-decoding obfuscated shellcode. The algorithm utilizes a XOR feedback loop for encoding and prefixes a decoding routine to the …
Read moreFuncIn
FuncIn involves a payload staging strategy wherein the entire set of malicious functionalities is not contained within the malware file itself or any third-party file/network location (e.g., a web server). Instead, these functionalities are transmitted over the network by the Command and Control (C2) server when required.
This approach addresses three primary issues in malware development. Firstly, it mitigates …
Read morePureCrypter
PureCrypter, a multi-functional crypter/loader developed in C#, was first introduced in hacking forums on March 17, 2021. This tool is compatible with both 32-bit and 64-bit native as well as .NET payloads. It features multiple injection modes, including reflection, RunPE, and shellcode. PureCrypter can deliver payloads either via a URL or offline. It has been noted for its use in …
Read moreLimeCrypter
Limecrypter is a sophisticated obfuscation tool designed for both native and .NET files. It employs a unique approach to secure payloads by encrypting them within a .NET-based stub. This stub acts as a container for the encrypted payload, ensuring its contents remain concealed until execution.
Read moreCronos-Crypter
Cronos-Crypter is an open-source crypter publicly available on GitHub. The crypter applies AES encryption or XOR obfuscation to a selected payload before storing it as a .NET resource of a final generated .NET executable payload. Cronos-Crypter contains multiple capabilties for persistence and defense evasion. An operator may select persistence via a Windows Registry autorun key or a Scheduled Task. An …
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