Search Evasion Techniques
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AddVectoredExceptionHandler Anti-Debugging
The AddVectoredExceptionHandler technique is an anti-debugging method that can detect the presence of debuggers using Vectored Exception Handlers. This technique works by calling AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, ourHandler) to register a top-level exception handler that will catch any exceptions raised by the process, including those generated by debuggers.
After this call has taken place, stepping through the code will trigger an EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP …
ScrubCrypt Packers
ScrubCrypt is a malware obfuscation and encryption framework, derived from the earlier JLaive Batchfuscator crypter. It is designed to aid cybercriminals in evading detection and analysis by using a variety of techniques to conceal and protect the malicious software.
ScrubCrypt is advertised on cybercrime forums to employ encryption, code morphing, and (allegedly) polymorphism to create obfuscated malware payloads that …
Valid Accounts: Local Accounts Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service.
Local Accounts may also be abused to elevate privileges and harvest credentials …
Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion: System Checks Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may employ various system checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions …
XSL Script Processing Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may bypass application control and obscure execution of code by embedding scripts inside XSL files. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. To support complex operations, the XSL standard includes support for embedded scripting in various languages.
Adversaries may abuse this functionality to execute arbitrary files …
Hell's Gate Antivirus/EDR Evasion
The Hell's Gate technique refers to a specific method used by malware authors to make their software more difficult to detect and analyze. The technique involves the use of a custom native API resolver to resolve Windows API functions at runtime dynamically.
By using Hell's Gate, malware can avoid referencing the Windows API functions directly in the Import Address …
Evasion using direct Syscalls Antivirus/EDR Evasion
In the Windows operating system, conventional malware frequently utilizes strategies involving the invocation of specific functions from the kernel32.dll library, such as VirtualAlloc, VirtualProtect, and CreateThread. A closer inspection of the call stack reveals that the functions employed from kernel32.dll eventually trigger corresponding functions within the ntdll.dll library. This is facilitated by the ntdll.dll library, which serves …
C2 via FTP(S) Network Evasion
C2 via FTP is a technique that utilizes the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to establish command and control communication between an attacker and victim systems. It involves sending commands and receiving responses within FTP sessions, effectively using FTP as a conduit for covert communication.
To implement C2 via FTP, an attacker needs control over an FTP server, and must …
DLL Unhooking Antivirus/EDR Evasion
Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools use a technique known as hooking to monitor sensitive system functions within the DLLs of loaded processes. Hooking is a method of live-patching system DLLs, enabling EDRs to intercept the flow of a program and evaluate its legitimacy.
Here's how it works: EDRs modify the first instructions of the functions within the DLLs. …
Right-to-Left Override (RLO) Extension Spoofing Others
The Right-to-Left Override (RLO) character (U+202E) is a Unicode control character used for bidirectional text formatting. It affects the way text is displayed, causing text following the RLO character to be rendered from right to left, which is typically used in languages like Arabic and Hebrew.
However, malicious actors have found a way to exploit this Unicode …