Template Injection Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. For example, Microsoft’s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXML files are packed together ZIP archives compromised of various XML files, referred to as parts, …

Call to Interrupt Procedure Anti-Debugging

This anti-debugging technique involves using the INT n instruction to generate a call to the interrupt or exception handler specified with the destination operand.

To implement this technique, the int 0x03 instruction is executed, followed by a ret (0xCD03, 0xC3) nested in a __try, __except block. If a debugger is present, the except block will not be executed, …

Constant Blinding Data Obfuscation

Constant blinding can be employed by malware authors to obfuscate their malicious code, making it harder for security researchers and antivirus software to detect and analyze the malware. By using constant blinding techniques, the malware code can be concealed, increasing its chances of evading detection and maintaining persistence on the target system.

Here's how constant blinding can be utilized …

ScrubCrypt Packers

ScrubCrypt is a malware obfuscation and encryption framework, derived from the earlier JLaive Batchfuscator crypter. It is designed to aid cybercriminals in evading detection and analysis by using a variety of techniques to conceal and protect the malicious software.

ScrubCrypt is advertised on cybercrime forums to employ encryption, code morphing, and (allegedly) polymorphism to create obfuscated malware payloads that …

Shikata Ga Nai (SGN) Data Obfuscation

Shikata Ga Nai (SGN) is a data obfuscation technique that employs a polymorphic binary encoding scheme. It was initially developed by Ege Balci and gained popularity through its implementation in Metasploit Framework's msfvenom. SGN takes a binary input and generates a self-decoding obfuscated shellcode. The algorithm utilizes a XOR feedback loop for encoding and prefixes a decoding routine to the …

Runtime Function Decryption Antivirus/EDR Evasion

This technique is used to store the function body in an encrypted form. They will only be decrypted just before the execution of that code and will be re-encrypted after the code has been executed.

This technique is used by SmokeLoader to evade anti-virus and EDRs, since the function body is in encrypted form except at the time of …

NtDelayExecution Sandbox Evasion Anti-Debugging

NtDelayExecution can be used to delay the execution of the calling thread. NtDelayExecution accepts a parameter "DelayInterval", which is the number of milliseconds to delay. Once executed, NtDelayExecution "pauses" execution of the calling program whuch can cause a timeout of the sandbox or loss of control in a debugger.

Additionally, some higher level WinAPI functions invoke NtDelayExeuction. For example, …

AppInit DLL Injection Process Manipulating Defense Evasion [Mitre]

Any Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) that are specified within the AppInit_DLLs registry key values are loaded by user32.dll into any process that utilizes user32.dll. So by modifying the AppInit_DLLs registry key value and pointing it to a malicious DLL, an attacker can force the system to load their DLL into every process that utilizes user32.dll and force it to execute …

Replication Through Removable Media Defense Evasion [Mitre] Others

Adversaries may move onto systems, possibly those on disconnected or air-gapped networks, by copying malware to removable media and taking advantage of Autorun features when the media is inserted into a system and executes.

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