Search Evasion Techniques
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RDTSC Anti-Debugging
The Read-Time-Stamp-Counter (RDTSC) instruction can be used by malware to determine how quicky the processor executes the program's instructions. It returns the count of the number of ticks since the last system reboot as a 64-bit value placed into EDX:EAX.
It will execute RDTSC twice and then calculate the difference between low order values and check it with …
GetTickCount Anti-Debugging
This is typical timing function which is used to measure time needed to execute some function/instruction set. If the difference is more than fixed threshold, the process exits.
GetTickCount reads from the KUSER_SHARED_DATA page. This page is mapped read-only into the user mode range of the virtual address and read-write in the kernel range. The system clock tick updates …
TLS Callback Anti-Debugging
TLS (Thread Local Storage) callbacks are a mechanism in Windows that allows a program to define a function that will be called when a thread is created. These callbacks can be used to perform various tasks, such as initializing thread-specific data or modifying the behavior of the thread.
As an anti-debugging technique, a program can use a TLS callback …
Unhandled Exception Filter Anti-Debugging
An application-defined function that passes unhandled exceptions to the debugger, if the process is being debugged. Otherwise, it optionally displays an application error message box and causes the exception handler to be executed.
If an exception occurs and no exception handler is registered, the UnhandledExceptionFilter function will be called. It is possible to register a custom unhandled exception filter …
Interrupts Anti-Debugging
Adversaries may use exception-based anti-debugging techniques to detect whether their code is being executed in a debugger. These techniques rely on the fact that most debuggers will trap exceptions and not immediately pass them to the process being debugged for handling.
By triggering an exception and checking whether it is handled properly, the adversary's code can determine whether it …
Abusing the Return Pointer Anti-Disassembly
Abusing the return pointer is an anti-disassembling technique that involves using the return instruction (RETN) in a way that is not expected by the disassembler. This can make it more difficult for the disassembler to accurately reconstruct the program's original instructions and can also make it more difficult for analysts to understand the program's behavior.
The RETN instruction is …
Dynamically Computed Target Address Anti-Disassembly
Dynamically computed target addresses is an anti-disassembling technique that involves using dynamically computed addresses as the targets of branch instructions in a program. This can make it difficult for a disassembler to accurately reconstruct the original instructions of the program, as the disassembler will not be able to determine the correct target addresses for the branch instructions without actually executing …
Entry Point Modification Process Manipulating
The entry point is the starting point of an executable file during execution. Some malware use techniques such as changing or relocating the real entry point to protect their code from analysis. This makes it difficult for security software to identify and detect the malware as the code is not executed in the usual way.
DLL Injection via CreateRemoteThread and LoadLibrary Process Manipulating
DLL Injection Via CreateRemoteThread and LoadLibrary is a technique used by malware to inject its code into a legitimate process. This technique is similar to hook injection, where the malware inserts a malicious DLL to be used by the system. It is one of the most common techniques used to inject malware into another process.
The malware writes the …
FIleless Mechanisms Process Manipulating
Fileless malware is a type of malware that is designed to reside and execute entirely in the memory of a host system, without leaving any trace on the local disk. This can make it more difficult for security tools to detect and remove the malware, as it does not leave any files on the system that can be scanned or …