Obscuring Control Flow Using Pointers Anti-Disassembly

The use of pointers in a program can be an issue for disassemblers, because pointers can be used in complex ways that are difficult for the disassembler to accurately interpret. This can make it more difficult for the disassembler to generate correct disassembly output, and can also make it more difficult for analysts to understand the program's behavior.

Pointers …

Abusing the Return Pointer Anti-Disassembly

Abusing the return pointer is an anti-disassembling technique that involves using the return instruction (RETN) in a way that is not expected by the disassembler. This can make it more difficult for the disassembler to accurately reconstruct the program's original instructions and can also make it more difficult for analysts to understand the program's behavior.

The RETN instruction is …

Dynamically Computed Target Address Anti-Disassembly

Dynamically computed target addresses is an anti-disassembling technique that involves using dynamically computed addresses as the targets of branch instructions in a program. This can make it difficult for a disassembler to accurately reconstruct the original instructions of the program, as the disassembler will not be able to determine the correct target addresses for the branch instructions without actually executing …

Hook Injection Process Manipulating

Hook injection is a technique used by malware to alter the behavior of internal functions in an operating system or application. This is typically achieved by inserting malicious code into existing function calls, allowing the malware to intercept and manipulate the normal flow of execution.

In the case of Windows, the SetWindowsHookEx function can be used by programs to …

Caesar Cipher Data Obfuscation

The Caesar Cipher is a simple encoding algorithm that was used during the Roman Empire to hide secret messages. In this algorithm, each letter of the plaintext is replaced with a letter that is a fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, if the shift value is 3, then the letter "A" would be replaced with "D", "B" …

Cryptography Data Obfuscation

Cryptography is a technique often used by malware to protect against analysis or to perform malicious actions such as in ransomware attacks. In these cases, malware will use cryptography to encrypt their payloads or communication channels in order to make it difficult for security tools and forensic investigators to detect and analyze their activities.

Additionally, cryptography can be used …

Custom Encoding Data Obfuscation

Malware often uses custom encoding schemes to conceal their payloads and avoid detection. These custom schemes can be full custom layers, or they can be variations of known algorithms such as XOR or Base64. Using custom encoding schemes allows malware to encode their payloads in a unique way that can be difficult for security tools and forensic investigators to detect.

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Geofencing Others

Geofencing in malware refers to a technique used by cybercriminals to restrict the distribution or activation of malicious software based on geographical location. Malware authors use geofencing to target specific regions or avoid certain areas, such as their home country, in order to evade detection, minimize the chances of being investigated, or maximize the effectiveness of their attacks.

Geofencing …

Shortcut Hiding Antivirus/EDR Evasion

Windows shortcut can be used to store code that downloads a malicious file from the internet, or that stores the malicious file directly within the shortcut itself. This can make it difficult for antivirus software to detect the malicious application, as the file is not stored in a typical location on the computer. Additionally, the use of a shortcut can …

Reflective DLL injection Process Manipulating

Reflective DLL loading refers to loading a DLL from memory rather than from disk. Windows doesn’t have a LoadLibrary function that supports this, so to get the functionality you have to write your own, omitting some of the things Windows normally does, such as registering the DLL as a loaded module in the process, potentially bypassing DLL load monitoring.

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