Search Evasion Techniques
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Windows Event Log Evasion via Native APIs Anti-Forensic
Attackers can leverage native Windows API calls to install malicious services without generating correlating entries in the event log. Using native APIs to install services instead of the standard API calls allow attackers to bypass security controls and event logging. This technique was utilised by Stuxnet.
Services are typically created through a standard Windows API call CreateServiceA or CreateService …
Change Module Name at Runtime Process Manipulating
It is possible to change the name of the current process or any of its modules at runtime. This is achieved by accessing the process PEB's member 'Ldr', in particular it has a member 'InOrderMemoryLinks' which we can iterate through to get a list of the process's modules.
On each iteration it gets a PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY structure to work with …
Change Module Base Address at Runtime Process Manipulating
It is possible to change the DllBase of a module at runtime. This can trick debugging and analysis tools such as IDA or Cheat Engine into thinking a module's base is actually at another address.
This is achieved by accessing the process PEB's member 'Ldr', in particular it has a member InOrderMemoryLinks which we can iterate through to get …
Return Address Spoofing Antivirus/EDR Evasion
Return Address Spoofing is a technique used in x64 architecture to bypass the limitations of the x64 fastcall mechanism. The traditional method of spoofing return addresses in x86 (e.g. using a ret in a game module as a trampoline) is not feasible in x64 due to caller cleanup and red zone.
To overcome this, the code creates a temporary …
Hijack Execution Flow: DLL Side-Loading Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by side-loading DLLs. Similar to DLL Search Order Hijacking, side-loading involves hijacking which DLL a program loads. But rather than just planting the DLL within the search order of a program then waiting for the victim application to be invoked, adversaries may directly side-load their payloads by planting then invoking a legitimate application …
Hijack Execution Flow: COR_PROFILER Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may leverage the COR_PROFILER environment variable to hijack the execution flow of programs that load the .NET CLR. The COR_PROFILER is a .NET Framework feature which allows developers to specify an unmanaged (or external of .NET) profiling DLL to be loaded into each .NET process that loads the Common Language Runtime (CLR). These profilers are designed to monitor, troubleshoot, …
Modify Authentication Process: Domain Controller Authentication Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts.
Malware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used to access any user’s account and/or credentials (ex: Skeleton Key). Skeleton key works through …
Obfuscated Files or Information: Software Packing Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory. Virtual machine software protection translates an executable's original code into a special …
Process Injection: Asynchronous Procedure Call Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the asynchronous procedure call (APC) queue in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. APC injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
APC injection is commonly performed by attaching malicious code to the APC Queue of a …
Process Injection: Thread Local Storage Defense Evasion [Mitre]
Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via thread local storage (TLS) callbacks in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. TLS callback injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
TLS callback injection involves manipulating pointers inside a portable executable (PE) to redirect a process …