Shikata Ga Nai (SGN) Data Obfuscation

Shikata Ga Nai (SGN) is a data obfuscation technique that employs a polymorphic binary encoding scheme. It was initially developed by Ege Balci and gained popularity through its implementation in Metasploit Framework's msfvenom. SGN takes a binary input and generates a self-decoding obfuscated shellcode. The algorithm utilizes a XOR feedback loop for encoding and prefixes a decoding routine to the …

DLL Unhooking Antivirus/EDR Evasion

Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools use a technique known as hooking to monitor sensitive system functions within the DLLs of loaded processes. Hooking is a method of live-patching system DLLs, enabling EDRs to intercept the flow of a program and evaluate its legitimacy.

Here's how it works: EDRs modify the first instructions of the functions within the DLLs. …

PyArmor Packers

Pyarmor is a command-line tool primarily used for the obfuscation of Python scripts. While its original design aims to protect Python code from unauthorized access and reverse engineering, its capabilities also make it a tool of interest for malware obfuscation. Pyarmor achieves this through several key features, each with potential applications in both legitimate protection and malicious exploitation:

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LimeCrypter Packers

Limecrypter is a sophisticated obfuscation tool designed for both native and .NET files. It employs a unique approach to secure payloads by encrypting them within a .NET-based stub. This stub acts as a container for the encrypted payload, ensuring its contents remain concealed until execution.

Runtime Function Decryption Antivirus/EDR Evasion

This technique is used to store the function body in an encrypted form. They will only be decrypted just before the execution of that code and will be re-encrypted after the code has been executed.

This technique is used by SmokeLoader to evade anti-virus and EDRs, since the function body is in encrypted form except at the time of …

Cronos-Crypter Packers

Cronos-Crypter is an open-source crypter publicly available on GitHub. The crypter applies AES encryption or XOR obfuscation to a selected payload before storing it as a .NET resource of a final generated .NET executable payload. Cronos-Crypter contains multiple capabilties for persistence and defense evasion. An operator may select persistence via a Windows Registry autorun key or a Scheduled Task. An …

XProtect Encryption Abuse Data Obfuscation

Malware can abuse Apple's macOS XProtect string encryption algorithm to hide critical strings, including commands, browser paths, extension IDs, cryptocurrency wallet locations, and command-and-control (C2) details.

This technique leverages the same XOR-based encryption logic implemented in macOS’s XProtect antivirus engine, this encryption is used for “encrypted YARA rules stored within the XProtect Remediator binaries”.

The encryption process involves …

Deleting Troubleshoot Information and Core Dumps Anti-Forensic

Commands like rm -rf /data/var/statedumps/* and rm -rf /data/var/cores/* delete state dumps and core dumps, which are generated when processes crash. These files contain memory snapshots, stack traces, and runtime states of processes at the time of failure. They are often used to debug and understand the causes of crashes or application malfunctions.

Attackers use this technique to eliminate …

Removing Commands from SELinux Audit Logs Anti-Forensic

SELinux audit logs record all executed commands and policy enforcement actions, including commands like /bin/web, setenforce, mount, and /bin/rm. Using sed -i, attackers delete specific entries from these logs that could reveal the commands they executed. This manipulation ensures that traces of their activity, such as disabling security policies or deleting evidence, are erased from …

Indirect Memory Writing Antivirus/EDR Evasion

In code-injection scenarios, for example, when a loader places a payload into memory for execution, many antimalware engines detect or block malicious activity at the moment the payload bytes are written into the newly allocated executable memory region. Attackers may try to evade such detection by avoiding direct writes to new memory region and instead relying on other, legitimate Windows …

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