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OutputDebugString
This Windows API is often used by developers for debugging purpose. It will display a text to the attached debugger. This API is also used by Malware to open a communication channel between one or multiple processes.
It is possible to use OutputDebugString in addition of GetLastError / SetLastError to detect debugger presence.
Read moreCaesar Cipher
The Caesar Cipher is a simple encoding algorithm that was used during the Roman Empire to hide secret messages. In this algorithm, each letter of the plaintext is replaced with a letter that is a fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, if the shift value is 3, then the letter "A" would be replaced with "D", "B" …
Read moreROL
ROL, or Rotate Left, is a simple encoding algorithm similar to the Caesar Cipher. In the ROL algorithm, each letter of the plaintext is replaced with a letter that is a fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, if the rotation value is 3, then the letter "A" would be replaced with "D", "B" would be replaced with …
Read moreCustom Encoding
Malware often uses custom encoding schemes to conceal their payloads and avoid detection. These custom schemes can be full custom layers, or they can be variations of known algorithms such as XOR or Base64. Using custom encoding schemes allows malware to encode their payloads in a unique way that can be difficult for security tools and forensic investigators to detect.
… Read moreDNS Tunneling
![Defense Evasion [Mitre] icon](/media/2024/04/08/icons8-burglar.svg){kind=small}
DNS tunneling is a technique that uses the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol to transfer data in an encrypted and covert manner. It involves encoding the data of other programs or protocols in DNS queries and responses, and using DNS servers as a means of communication.
To carry out DNS tunneling, the attacker typically needs access to a compromised …
Read morePeer to peer C2
Peer-to-peer (P2P) botnets are a type of botnet that uses a decentralized network structure, without a central command and control (C&C) server. Each infected machine in a P2P botnet maintains a list of other trusted computers (including other infected machines), as well as information drop locations and locations where the malware can be updated. Some P2P botnets also use encryption …
Read moreDNS API Injection
DNS API injection is a technique used by malware to evade detection by intercepting and modifying DNS (Domain Name System) requests made by a host system. The technique involves injecting code into the DNS API (Application Programming Interface) of the host system, which is a set of functions and protocols that allow communication with the DNS service. By injecting code …
Read moreThemida
Themida is a commercial known packer that embeds several features including anti-debugging, virtual machine emulation, encryption...
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Anti-debugger techniques that detect/fool any kind of debugger
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Anti-memory dumpers techniques for any Ring3 and Ring0 dumpers
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Different encryption algorithms and keys in each protected application
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Anti-API scanners techniques that avoids reconstruction …
Hide Artifacts: Email Hiding Rules
Adversaries may use email rules to hide inbound emails in a compromised user's mailbox. Many email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including moving emails to other folders, marking emails as read, or deleting emails. Rules may be created or modified within email clients or through external features such as the New-InboxRule or Set-InboxRule PowerShell …
Read moreModify Registry
Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to hide configuration information within Registry keys, remove information as part of cleaning up, or as part of other techniques to aid in persistence and execution.
Access to specific areas of the Registry depends on account permissions, some requiring administrator-level access. The built-in Windows command-line utility Reg may be used for local …
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